식량자급률 개념정립 및 새로운 목표치 설정 연구 } : 한국농촌경제연구원

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연구보고서

식량자급률 개념정립 및 새로운 목표치 설정 연구

2010.11.01 46540

과제성격

수탁보고서(C2010-36)
저자

최지현, 우병준; 황윤재
등록일

2010.11.01
연구주제

농업정책일반.

요약문

우리나라의 식량자급률은 1970년 86%에서 2009년 27%대로 급속도로 하락하여 OECD 국가 중에서 가장 낮은 수준을 보이고 있다. 국가적으로 요구되는 식량은 수입과 비축을 통해 확보할 수 있지만, 세계적인 기상이변과 불안정한 국제곡물시장 상황 등을 고려할 경우 국내 농업생산기반이 어느 정도 유지될 필요가 있다.
식량자급률 목표치 설정은 국민의 바람직한 식생활과 농정에의 가이드라인을 제시하는 역할을 수행하기 때문에 “농업농촌식품산업기본법”에서는 적정한 식량 자급수준의 목표를 설정 유지하고 농림수산식품부 장관은 농업농촌식품산업 발전 기본계획을 수립고, 기본계획에 식량의 적정 자급목표를 포함하도록 명시하고 있다.

이 연구는 국내외 여건변화에 대응하여 새로운 식량 자급률 목표치를 설정하고, 이러한 목표가 효과적으로 달성되기 위해 필요한 정책 대안을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 또한 이 연구에서는 기존의 물량 기준 식량자급률이 식품 전체의 자급률 상황을 반영하는 종합적 지표로서는 한계가 있기에 종합적인 식품자급률 상황을 나타낼 수 있는 자급률 개념의 도입 가능성을 검토하였다.

The main purpose of this study is to reestablish a target of food
self-sufficiency rate reflecting changes in and outside the country. Also, the
study is aimed at examining policy measures to meet the target effectively. To
meet the purpose, the study is largely divided into the five section: 1)
examining the possibility of introducing new concept for food self-sufficiency
rate, 2) analysing the present situation and a future outlook of food
self-sufficiency rate, 3) setting up possible food consumption and production
scenarios for reestablishing food self-sufficiency rates of year 2015 and year
2020, 4) suggesting possible targets of food self-sufficiency rate of year 2015
and year 2020, 5) proposing policy measures to meet the target.
It is appropriate to use a food self-sufficiency rate of energy supply as
overall self-sufficiency rate instead of previous quantity based food
self-sufficiency rate. The quantity based self-sufficiency rate has an advantage
for understanding each food item. However, it has a difficulty for reflecting
overall circumstance surrounding each food item. A calory self-sufficiency
rate remedies the shortcoming of a food self-sufficiency rate. Also, it reflects
changes in consumer food life. For these reasons, calory self-sufficiency rate
is more suitable for overall self-sufficiency rate than quantity based
self-sufficiency rate.
The estimation results of food self-sufficiency rates for each important
food are described. The food self-sufficiency rate of rice is about 98%, the
rate for staple food-grain without feed purpose is about 62-65%. In addition,
the food self-sufficiency rates for staple food-grain, including feed purpose is
29-30%. For livestock, rate for beef, pork, and chicken is 43-45%, 80-81%,
and 85% respectively. The rate for vegetables and fruits is 85%, 75-80%. The
food self-sufficiency rate of energy supply is 50% which is increased form
the past standard.
To improve food self-sufficiency rate, both production side and
consumption side should be considered simultaneously. In the consumption
aspect, promoting food life education, introducing consumer oriented policies
to expand food demand, and promoting low carbon green food life is
important. In the production side, efforts to cultivate crops other than rice for
the stabilization of food and to differentiate agricultural products quality for
improvement of agriculture competitiveness and food safety towards consumer
satisfaction is necessary.
Researchers: Choi Ji-Hyun, Woo Byung-Joon, and Hwang Yun-Jae
Research period: 2010. 5. - 2010. 11.
E-mail address: jhchoi@krei.re.kr